Factors influencing child workers' migration from Lao PDR to Thailand and its consequences : a case study of child domestic workers

Abstract

The geographical, cultural and linguistic links between Laos and Thailand are factors for people migration. However, seeking better income opportunity is the reason for migration. The objectives of this study are to examine factors influencing the decision of child domestic workers from Lao PDR to migrate to THailand, to examine the work conditions of child domestic workers, and to study the consequences child domestic workers after returning and parental attitudes of child migration. The study was conducted in Vientiane capital, Bolikhamxai and Savannakhet provinces. 101 (female 96 and male 5) who used to work as domestic workers in Thailand were interviewed. In addition, parents, village headmen and district officials of the Ministry of Social Welfare were included. The study found that the main factor influencing child worker's migration from Laos to Thailand is personal expectations to earn more incomes. Their working conditions are relatively poor; 66% have to work for 12 hours a day, 61% have a day off while 36% have no day off. 62% received 3000-5000 Bath while 30% received less than 3000 Bath. 14% experienced soome kinds of abuses. The study also found that parental attitudes of child migration are positive since they do not bring back only economic benefits but potentially some new skills and knowledge. On the other hand, parents have seen a few child returnees imported a new culture in term of living style, behavior and dress which is contradicted with local norms and culture. Their living conditions after returning are better improved because of savings, new knowledge and skills they gained, which are more significant for them and family.