The ASEAN way : a study of its evolution and contemporary relevance

Abstract

The "ASEAN way" does not have a unified definition; it can be seen as a series of codes of conduct formulated by ASEAN to adjust intra-regional conflicts and cooperation. The "ASEAN way" takes the principle of non-interference as its core, and as a process it is based on consultation and consensus. Its main features are informality, weak institutionalization and non-confrontation. This paper attempts to use a long-term historical perspective to study the development and changes of the"ASEAN Way". Through a general review of the history of ASEAN, the paper identifies some typical cases that are more relevant to the "ASEAN Way", and then, on the basis of these cases, explores its manifestations, characteristics and functions. The author divides the development process of the "ASEAN Way" into the following four stages. First, 1967-1976 was the formative stage of the "ASEAN Way". Second, 1977-1991 witnessed its further development and application. Third, during 1992-2007, the ASEAN Way experienced challenges, change and diffusion. Finally, the years 2008-2022 represent the stage in which the "ASEAN way" has continued its constructive role. Overall, the "ASEAN way" has undergone a change from mainly informal meetings to the coexistence of a dual-track operational mechanism, through which its institutionalization and operative modes have continuously improved. However, the principle of non-intervention has always been difficult to undergo major change. This principle is not only the core connotation of the "ASEAN Way", but also the fundamental guarantee for promoting unity within ASEAN. Even in face of certain intra-regional problems, the member countries’ concern to uphold their sovereignty and autonomy–hence, strongly intent upon maintaining this non-interference principle.